Simple Changes Research Articles

An Efficient and Scalable "Second Generation" Total Synthesis of the Marine Polyketide Limaol Endowed with Antiparasitic Activity.

The cluster of four skipped exo-methylene substituents on the "northern" wing of limaol renders this marine natural product unique in structural terms. This arguably non-thermodynamic array gains kinetic stability by populating conformations which impede isomerization to a partly or fully conjugated polyene. This analysis suggested that the difficulties encountered in our first total synthesis had not been caused by an overly fragile character of this unusual substructure; rather, an unfavorable steric microenvironment about the spirotricyclic core was accountable. To remedy the issue, the bulky silyl ethers were replaced by acetates; this simple change allowed all problems to be addressed, the overall yield to be multiplied, and the material throughput to be increased more than eighty-fold per run. Key-to-success was a gold-catalyzed spirocyclization reaction; the reasons why a Brønsted acid cocatalyst is needed and the origin of the excellent levels of selectivity were delineated. The modified protecting group pattern also allowed for a much-improved fragment coupling process by a reagent controlled asymmetric allylation. Finally, a new route to the "northern" sector was established by leveraging the power of asymmetric hydrogenation of a 2-pyrone derivative. Limaol was found to combine appreciable antiparasitic activity with very modest cytotoxicity.

Reducing false damage detections in guided ultrasonic wave monitoring systems using a denoising autoencoder

ABSTRACT Guided ultrasonic wave (GUW) monitoring systems for pipeline structures are gaining much attention in critical sectors such as the petrochemical, nuclear and energy sectors. However, the effects of environmental and operational conditions (EOCs), especially temperature, may generate substantial false damage detections. The temperature effect may interfere with different coherent noise sources and generate unwanted peaks that are falsely identified as damage. In this paper, a denoising autoencoder (DAE) is proposed to reduce the frequency of false damage detections in GUW monitoring systems. A DAE decodes high dimensional data into low-dimensional features and reconstructs the original data from these low-dimensional features. By providing signals at a reference temperature with the fewest false damage detections, this structure forces the DAE to learn the essential features hidden within complex data. A database of GUW signals is formed based on the experimental measurements using a six-metre-long stainless steel Schedule 20 pipe. Variations in temperature and damage severity are applied to develop the database to mimic a simple step change in damage growth under EOCs. The outcomes obtained from this study show that the proposed methodology can reduce false damage detections during GUW monitoring and is valuable for pipeline safety evaluations.

Bone cement in total hip arthroplasty – Is it really green?

BackgroundTotal hip replacement (THR)is typically cemented, cementless or hybrid depending on patient factors and surgeon preference. To date no studies have evaluated waste generated with each of these procedures in relation to implant choice, and particularly waste related to consumables. We aimed to quantify the volume; type and ability to recycle this waste and suggest potential strategies for reducing the overall waste related to consumables in THR. MethodThis was a prospective review of all waste related to consumables in THR. The waste was weighed using a Salter 1066 BKDR15 scale, accurate to the nearest 1 ​g. The primary outcome was the amount of waste generated per case depending on implant choice (cemented vs. uncemented). Secondary outcomes included: proportion of clinical waste and proportion of recyclable waste. ResultsCemented THR generated a total of 1.89 ​kg of waste compared to 775 ​g for an uncemented THR. Cemented THR generated significantly more sterile (hazardous) waste than uncemented THR both as overall volume and as a proportion 763 ​g (40%) vs 76 ​g (10%). Significantly more of the waste related to uncemented THR was amenable to being recycled through conventional waste streams with simple changes in theatre 672 ​g (86%) compared to 989 ​g (52%) with cemented THR. Between 20 and 30% of waste packaging for both types of surgery compromised information booklets. ConclusionCemented hip replacement generates significantly more waste from consumables than uncemented and a greater amount of this waste is hazardous requiring intensive processing. For both implants a significant proportion of waste can be recycled with simple process changes in theatre. Industry partners have a responsibility to minimise unnecessary packaging and work with surgeons to improve sustainability.

Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire clinical function assessment outcomes of carpal tunnel injection for carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy. Risk factors include hereditary, obesity, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and work related. With treatment ranging from simple lifestyle changes, up until surgery. Studies have shown that local steroid injection improve symptoms by at least one month and up to one year after injection, which allows for the delay of surgical treatment. In this study, BCTQ was chosen as a measuring tool because it can objectively assess functional improvement in functional status and disease severity. An analytical study design with a quasi-experimental pretest post-test one group only design approach was used in this study. Primary data and secondary data were used to measure the symptom severity scale and functional status based on the BCTQ. The research subjects were taken from populations that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the Friedman test analysis of differences in the severity scale of symptoms of clinical function assessment outcome data and functional status on the BCTQ from the action of carpal tunnel injection on carpal tunnel syndrome, the results of the BCTQ value show that there is a significant difference before and after injection at one month and three months assessment post injection with a P-value of 0.00 (p<0.05) on both. Carpal tunnel injection with Triamcinolone acetonide 20 mg can provide good clinical outcomes in cases of carpal tunnel syndrome and can reduce the severity of symptoms and provide a good functional status scale of the hand.

From psychophysiology to brain imaging: forty-five years MMN history of investigating acoustic change sensitivity.

Forty-five years have passed since the first publication of the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential (ERP) component. The first 10years of research hardly gained any particular attention of the scientific community interested in acoustic perception. Debates on the nature of sensation versus perception were going on, and the technical possibilities to record ERPs, called in general evoked potentials, were very limited. Subtle changes in pure tone frequency or intensity giving rise to the MMN component were first investigated in humans. The background of the theoretical model developed by Risto Näätänen was the orientation reaction model of E.N. Sokolov published in 1963 so that the MMN was seen first as an electrophysiological correlate of auditory change detection. This fundamental ability of the auditory system seen as crucial for survival led to the development of the first animal model of the MMN (Csépe et al. in Clin Neurophysiol 66: 571-578, 1987). Indeed, it was confirmed that the MMN was the brain correlate of subtle changes detected that might alert to potential threats in the environment and direct the behavioral orientation. The investigations performed after 2000 introduced complex models and more sophisticated methods, both in animal and human studies, so that the MMN method was on the way to become a tool on the first place and not the main goal of research. This approach was further strengthened by the increasing number of studies on different clinical populations aiming at future applications. The aim of our review is to describe and redefine what the MMN may reflect in auditory perception and to show why and how this brain correlate of changes in the auditory scene can be used as a valuable tool in cognitive neuroscience research. We refer to publications selectedto underly theargument the MMN cannot be classified anymore as a sign of simple change detection and not all the indicators used to confirm howgenuine theMMN elicited byvariations of tones are valid for those tospeechcontrasts. We provide a fresh view on the broadly used MMN models, provided by some influential publications as well as on the unwritten history of MMN research aiming to give revised picture on what the MMN may truly reflect. We show how the focus and terminology of the MMN research have changed and what kind of misunderstandings and seemingly contradictive results prevent the MMN community to accept a generally usable cognitive model.

Improvement in community wound management: why simple changes in clinical practice matter

Background/Aims Wounds continue to be an increasing burden to society, healthcare systems and patients. Wound care is an urgent challenge that requires new management strategies to help facilitate wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate an early intervention wound project facilitated by the COMPASS programme in a Swedish community setting in terms of treatment outcomes and health economic benefits. Methods An evaluation of wound care practice was completed using data collected on all wounds treated in 1 week in March 2021 (n=97). Single-use negative pressure wound therapy (sNPWT) was then introduced, alongside specialist education for all nurses. A post-intervention evaluation was carried out the following year with data on all wounds treated in 1 week in October 2022 (n=36). The samples were compared in terms of proportion of static and deteriorating wounds, wound characteristics, average number of dressing changes per wound and proportion of wounds requiring the patient to be admitted to hospital or referred to a specialist. Costs of care were calculated and compared for the two samples. Results Wounds in the post-intervention dataset were in a better overall condition (size and depth), with a lower proportion being classified as static or deteriorating (58.8% vs 44.4%). There was a non-significant difference in the average number of dressing changes required per week, with post-intervention wounds requiring fewer changes. A significantly lower proportion of patients required a referral to a specialist in the post-intervention sample compared to the pre-intervention sample (43.3% vs 16.7%; P<0.01). Conclusions Implementing a sNPWT pathway, alongside nurse education and increased involvement of nurses with specialist knowledge, can help to improve wound care outcomes and reduce the burden of wounds on nursing time and healthcare resources.

Multidimensional Data Encoding Based on Multicolor Microencapsulated Thermoresponsive Fluorescent Phase Change Materials

AbstractLuminescent materials are emerging promising tools for digital data encoding due to their reduced cost, facile reading, robustness, and durability. For this, the use of fluorescent systems that combine multicolor emission with sensitivity to external stimuli will be highly desirable, as they can offer rewritable data encoding together with enhanced encryption security and storage density. Herein a novel strategy is pioneered to reach this goal, which exploits the temperature‐responsive emission properties of the mixtures of regular fluorophores with simple organic phase change materials (PCMs) such as paraffins. By preparing a diversity of microcapsules of these mixtures comprising different dyes and PCMs, thermosensitive fluorescent pixels can be prepared in a low‐cost, straightforward, and scalable manner that exhibits multicolor dynamic emission behavior. These features are capitalized to fabricate pixel arrays that perform two advanced digital encoding operations: high‐security 3D information encryption, and 4D data storage.

Probe chip nanofabrication enabled reverse tip sample scanning probe microscopy concept and measurements

We introduce a new scanning probe microscopy (SPM) concept called reverse tip sample scanning probe microscopy (RTS SPM), where the tip and sample positions are reversed as compared to traditional SPM. The main benefit of RTS SPM over the standard SPM configuration is that it allows for simple and fast tip changes. This overcomes two major limitations of SPM which are slow data acquisition and a strong dependency of the data on the tip condition. A probe chip with thousands of sharp integrated tips is the basis of our concept. We have developed a nanofabrication protocol for Si based probe chips and their functionalization with metal and diamond coatings, evaluated our probe chips for various RTS SPM applications (multi-tip imaging, SPM tomography, and correlative SPM), and showed the high potential of the RTS SPM concept.

Improving respiratory signal prediction with a deep neural network and simple changes to the input and output data format

Objective. To improve respiratory gating accuracy and radiation treatment throughput, we developed a generalized model based on a deep neural network (DNN) for predicting any given patient’s respiratory motion. Approach. Our model uses long short-term memory (LSTM) based on a recurrent neural network (RNN), and improves upon common techniques. The first improvement is that the data input is not a one-dimensional sequence, but two-dimensional block data. This shortens the input sequence length, reducing computation time. Second, the output is not a scalar, but a sequence prediction. This increases the amount of available data, allowing improved prediction accuracy. For training and evaluation of our model, 434 sets of real-time position management data were retrospectively collected from clinical studies. The data were separated in a ratio of 4:1, with the larger set used for training models and the remaining set used for testing. We measured the accuracy of respiratory signal prediction and amplitude-based gating with prediction windows equaling 133, 333, and 533 ms. This new model was compared with the original LSTM and a non-recurrent DNN model. Main results. The mean absolute errors with the prediction window at 133, 333 and 533 ms were 0.036, 0.084, 0.119 with our model; 0.049, 0.14, 0.246 with the original LSTM-based model; and 0.041, 0.119, 0.16 with the non-recurrent DNN model, respectively. The computation time were 0.66 ms with our model; 0.63 ms the original LSTM-based model; 1.60 ms the non-recurrent DNN model, respectively. The accuracies of amplitude-based gating with the same prediction window settings and a duty cycle of approximately 50% were 98.3%, 95.8% and 92.7% with our model, 97.6%, 93.9% and 87.2% with the original LSTM-based model; and 97.9%, 94.3% and 89.5% with the non-recurrent DNN model, respectively. Significance. Our RNN algorithm for respiratory signal prediction successfully estimated tumor positions. We believe it will be useful in respiratory signal prediction technology.

Biphasic nanocomposite films of polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) using a surface-tethered dopant strategy

Using a newly invented surface-tethered dopant approach for the electrochemical polymerization growth of conductive polymer films, nanocomposites are created consisting of two distinct phases of polypyrrole (PPy) and Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The growth of the conductive nanocomposite films takes advantage of the unique way in which a conductive polymer film forms when grown using a surface-tethered dopant, starting out as a highly nanoporous film that gradually becomes more and more solid as additional polymer deposition occurs preferentially within the nanopores rather than at the films outer surface. Nanocomposite films can thus be fabricated simply and controllably by first growing one nanoporous conductive polymer film followed by the deposition of a second conductive polymer within the nanopores of the first. This study investigates the morphological and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite films grown using a surface-tethered dopant and how these properties are affected by simple changes in electrochemical polymerization parameters.

Evaluation of different mouthwashes through their effect on their influence on the force loss of orthodontic elastic ligatures

Background: In several orthodontic treatments, elastomeric chains are utilised to produce force, however, this force degrades over time, which may impact tooth mobility. This study aims to investigate how different mouthwashes (Chlorhexidine 0.2%, Sensodyne, and Listerine) may affect the force degradation of two different types of elastic ligatures (Ortho Matrix and 3M Unitek) through the amount of force remaining. Materials and methods: Two control groups and six experimental groups each included 600 pieces of the elastomeric chains Ortho matrix (OM) and 3M Unitek (3M). Pieces were stretched to a 25mm thickness, placed on pins set into an acrylic block, and kept at 37°C in artificial saliva. For the duration of the study, each of the test groups spent one minute immersed in one of three distinct kinds of mouthwash. Ten continuous thermocyclers with temperatures ranging from 5 to 55 degrees Celsius were performed each day, alternating between cold and hot water baths. While calculating the forces, we considered six different time intervals: the beginning, 24 hours, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the t-test were used to compare the mean force of a number of different mouthwashes, elastomeric chains, and times. A value of 0.05 was chosen as the cutoff for statistical significance. Results: Over time, both types of elastomeric chains significantly lost force at 6 weeks (p<0.05). At all times, the 3M Unitek (3M) created more force than the Ortho matrix (OM) elastomeric chain. Compared to other mouthwashes, chlorhexidine mouthwash had a substantially less impact on force degradation, with discernible very simple change when compared to control groups (Artificial saliva). Conclusion: According to findings, the 3M Unitek offered a higher force level than the other sort of elastomeric chains, and there is a difference that is clinically significant between the two types of elastomeric chains. It is possible that the pH of the mouthwashes, as opposed to other substances, contributes to the gradual loss of power over time. Mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine had the third-smallest influence on the force degradation of elastomeric chains, after Sensodyne and Listerine..

Reconfigurable piezoelectric metamaterial for selective noise directivity

This work explores strategies to change the directivity of sound radiated from an oscillating metamaterial plate. To this end, the vibro-acoustic behavior of a plate that hosts an array of piezoelectric unit cells whose inductive shunt resonance frequencies can assume different predefined configurations in space is numerically investigated. The effects of such configurations on (i) the structural normal velocity of the plate, (ii) the hemispherical acoustic field estimated based on Rayleigh’s integral, and (iii) the non-negative acoustic intensity are discussed. The numerical results show that simple changes in the unit cell’s tuning configuration in space can reduce, totally attenuate, or enhance the sound radiated in specific directions, findings that may pave the way to the use of reconfigurable metamaterials as effective systems for selective radiated noise directivity.

Unravelling the ion transport and the interphase properties of a mixed olivine cathode for Na-ion battery

The replacement of Li by Na in an analogue battery to the commercial Li-ion one appears a sustainable strategy to overcome the several concerns triggered by the increased demand for the electrochemical energy storage. However, the apparently simple change of the alkali metal represents a challenging step which requires notable and dedicated studies. Therefore, we investigate herein the features of a NaFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 cathode with triphylite structure achieved from the conversion of a LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 olivine for application in Na-ion battery. The work initially characterizes the structure, morphology and performances in sodium cell of NaFe0.6Mn0.4PO4, achieving a maximum capacity exceeding 100 mAh g−1 at a temperature of 55 °C, and adequate rate capability, and suitable retention confirmed by ex-situ measurements. Subsequently, the study compares in parallel key parameters of the NaFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 and LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 such as Na+/Li+ ions diffusion, interfacial characteristics, and reaction mechanism in Na/Li cells using various electrochemical techniques. The data reveal that relatively limited modification of NaFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 chemistry, structure and morphology compared to LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 greatly impact the reaction mechanism, kinetics and electrochemical features. These changes are ascribed to the different physical and chemical features of the two compounds, the slower mobility of Na+ with respect to Li+ , and a more resistive electrode/electrolyte interphase of sodium compared with lithium. Relevantly, the study reveals analogue trends of the charge transfer resistance and the ion diffusion coefficient in NaFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 and LiFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 during the electrochemical process in half-cell. Hence, the NaFe0.6Mn0.4PO4 achieved herein is suggested as a possible candidate for application in a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly Na-ion battery.

Targeted Degradation of Cell‐Surface Proteins via Chaperone‐Mediated Autophagy by Using Peptide‐Conjugated Antibodies

AbstractCell‐surface proteins are important drug targets but historically have posed big challenges for the complete elimination of their functions. Herein, we report antibody–peptide conjugates (Ab‐CMAs) in which a peptide targeting chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) was conjugated with commercially available monoclonal antibodies for specific cell‐surface protein degradation by taking advantage of lysosomal degradation pathways. Unique features of Ab‐CMAs, including cell‐surface receptor‐ and E3 ligase‐independent degradation, feasibility towards different cell‐surface proteins (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) by a simple change of the antibody, and successful tumor inhibition in vivo, make them attractive protein degraders for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. As the first example employing CMA to degrade proteins from the outside in, our findings may also shed new light on CMA, a degradation pathway typically targeting cytosolic proteins.

Targeted Degradation of Cell-Surface Proteins via Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy by Using Peptide-Conjugated Antibodies.

Cell-surface proteins are important drug targets but historically have posed big challenges for the complete elimination of their functions. Herein, we report antibody-peptide conjugates (Ab-CMAs) in which a peptide targeting chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) was conjugated with commercially available monoclonal antibodies for specific cell-surface protein degradation by taking advantage of lysosomal degradation pathways. Unique features of Ab-CMAs, including cell-surface receptor- and E3 ligase-independent degradation, feasibility towards different cell-surface proteins (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)) by a simple change of the antibody, and successful tumor inhibition in vivo, make them attractive protein degraders for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. As the first example employing CMA to degrade proteins from the outside in, our findings may also shed new light on CMA, a degradation pathway typically targeting cytosolic proteins.

Morning exercise and pre-breakfast metformin interact to reduce glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial.

Exercise is recommended in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and can improve insulin sensitivity. However, previous evidence suggests that exercise at different times of the day in people with type 2 diabetes may have opposing outcomes on glycaemia. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed initial pharmacological intervention in type 2 diabetes, and may alter adaptions to exercise. It is unknown if there is an interaction between metformin and diurnal exercise outcomes. We aimed to investigate glycaemic outcomes of moderate intensity morning vs. evening exercise in people with type 2 diabetes being prescribed metformin monotherapy. In this study, nine males and nine females with type 2 diabetes undergoing metformin monotherapy (age 61±8.2years, mean±SD) completed a 16-week crossover trial including 2-week baseline recording, 6weeks randomly assigned to a morning exercise (07.00-10.00h) or evening exercise (16.00-19.00h) and a 2-week wash-out period. Exercise arms consisted of 30min of walking at 70% of estimated max heart rate every other day. Glucose levels were measured with continuous glucose monitors and activity measured by wrist-worn monitors. Food-intake was recorded by 4-day food diaries during baseline, first and last 2weeks of each exercise arm. There was no difference in exercise intensity, total caloric intake or total physical activity between morning and evening arms. As primary outcomes, acute (24h) glucose area under the curve (AUC), was lower (P=0.02) after acute morning exercise (180.6±68.4mmol/l) compared to baseline (210.3±76.7mmol/l); and there were no differences identified for glucose (mmol/l) between baseline, morning and evening exercise at any specific time point when data were analysed with two-way ANOVA. As secondary outcomes, acute glucose AUC was significantly lower (P=0.01) in participants taking metformin before breakfast (152.5±29.95mmol/l) compared with participants taking metformin after breakfast (227.2±61.51mmol/l) only during the morning exercise arm; and during weeks 5-6 of the exercise protocol, glucose AUC was significantly lower (P=0.04) for participants taking metformin before breakfast (168.8±15.8mmol/l), rather than after breakfast (224.5±52.0mmol/l), only during morning exercise. Our data reveal morning moderate exercise acutely lowers glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes being prescribed metformin. This difference appears to be driven by individuals that consumed metformin prior to breakfast rather than after breakfast. This beneficial effect upon glucose levels of combined morning exercise and pre-breakfast metformin persisted through the final 2weeks of the trial. Our findings suggest that morning moderate intensity exercise combined with pre-breakfast metformin intake may benefit the management of glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. KEY POINTS: Morning moderate exercise acutely lowers glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes being prescribed metformin. This difference appears to be driven by individuals that consumed metformin prior to breakfast rather than after breakfast. Morning exercise combined with pre-breakfast metformin persistently reduced glucose compared to morning exercise combined with post-breakfast metformin through the final week (week 6) of the intervention. Our study suggests it may be possible to make simple changes to the time that people with type 2 diabetes take metformin and perform exercise to improve their blood glucose.

Are we doing homework wrong? The marginal effect of homework using spaced repetition

While assigning homework in college courses is supported by both psychological research on memory and studies of economics classes, research examining the marginal effect of homework scores on exam performance generally shows insignificant results. These weak marginal effects may be due to the number of times students repeat the work and how spread out they are; the few studies that show positive marginal effects of homework performance use at least three spaced repetitions. This study evaluates a spaced repetition model of short homework assignments repeated at increasing intervals in intermediate microeconomics. Results show a positive significant marginal effect; students who did better on the homework assignments scored higher on both in class exams and a cumulative final. The implication is that the simple change of structuring homework assignments with additional spaced repetitions may significantly improve learning.

The Problem of Compromise in Conservation and Exhibit Decision Making

A key challenge in managing collections is optimizing the value to society they offer, both now and in the future. This challenge can be framed as an issue requiring compromise, or, it can be considered as an opportunity to optimize. The goal is to help heritage professionals engage in constructive decision-making. By focusing on high-level institutional gains and benefits, while avoiding picking battles over less significant issues, a compromise and win-lose mindset can be avoided. The multiple objectives involved in creating a safe and effective exhibit can lead to conflict and unhelpful digging in of positions among team members. Understanding factors that contribute to conflict and identifying some means of avoiding or minimizing those factors can lead to teamwork at a higher level. Collection management challenges are explored, in a practical way, to reveal how simple changes in thinking habits and perspective can improve decisions and outcomes. A range of heuristics that shape our instinctive decision-making are explained and illustrated to create the opportunity for insight into how these unconsciously create an unnecessarily conflict-based response. Strategies for shifting perspective are discussed and offered as a route to identifying mutually beneficial outcomes.

An eikonal-inspired approach to the gravitational scattering waveform

We revisit the amplitude-based derivation of gravitational waveform for the scattering of two scalar black holes at subleading post-Minkowskian (PM) order. We take an eikonal-inspired approach to the two-massive-particle cut needed in the KMOC framework, as highlighted in [1], and show that its effect is to implement a simple change of frame. This clarifies one of the points raised in [2] when comparing with the post-Newtonian (PN) results. We then provide an explicit PM expression for the waveform in the soft limit, ω → 0, including the first non-universal, ω log ω, contribution. Focusing on this regime, we show that the small-velocity limit of our result agrees with the soft limit of the PN waveform of [2], provided that the two quantities are written in the same asymptotic frame. Performing the BMS supertranslation that, as discussed in [3], is responsible for the \\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal{O}$$\\end{document}(G) static contribution to the asymptotic field employed in the PN literature, we find agreement between the amplitude-based and the PN soft waveform up to and including G3/c5 order.

A One‐Pot Synthesized Chemodosimetric Chemosensor for Highly Sensitive Cyanide Ion Detection in Aqueous Media and from Tobacco Smoke

AbstractA sustainable future world consistently attributes to the development of eco‐friendly methods and materials for detection and elimination of toxic substances from the environment. While addressing the issues, pyrazole carbonitrile derived Schiff base PYR−TZ has been designed and employed for colorimetric and turn on fluorometric cyanide ion sensing. PYR−TZ demonstrated high cyanide ion (CN−) sensitivity with a 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry in aqueous solution. By preventing intramolecular charge transfer, the PYR−TZ sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity towards CN, which caused a color transition from colorless to yellow and impressive “turn‐on” fluorescence emission. The detection thresholds for CN− are 6.5 nm for absorbance spectra and 0.396 nm emission spectra, respectively. Under typical ecological and physiological settings (pH 1–12), the PYR−TZ sensor can function as an effective chemical sensor for detecting the CN− ions. Additionally, the sensor can find CN in tobacco commercial products like cigarettes and cigars. PYR−TZ is a great cyanide sensor probe that has a number of benefits, which includes simple synthesis, distinct color and emission change, a high degree of selectivity, lesser limit of detection, reversibility, and good anti‐interference ability to analyze solution and tobacco commercial things, together with fluorescence imaging. The theoretical optimized structure and electronic transitions were confirmed by DFT and TDDFT studies. On the basis of theoretical and experimental calculations (DFT), the mechanism of the metal ion complex is postulated.